• During marriage of a girl, there occurs a leakage of money from the parents to give dowry to the bride.
Gender Inequality in Freedom of Expression
• In some backward poor societies the right of women giving opinion is completely denied.
• Such un-freedoms, however, are not uncommon even among the educated elites who enjoy enormous power and authority in the male- dominated society.
Just by empowering women, this social and economic barrier of gender inequality cannot be broken. This requires educating to women especially in the rural area and illiterates.
Gender Inequality in Respect
of Violence and Victimization
• Sex- specific abortions
• Dowry death is the most serious form of domestic violence
• Economic independence and social emancipation through creating ability to earn income and gainful employment outside the home, guaranteeing ownership rights, literacy in education is of great importance.
India’s Position in India
• Economic participation and opportunity: 134th
• Educational achievements: 126th
• Health and Life expectancy: 141st
• Political empowerment: 15th
• Due to Female Foeticide& Female Infaticide
• Child sex ratio (0 to 6 age group) Sex Ratio: 919
• Sex Ratio: 943
• Female literacy: 46%
• Maternal Mortality Rate: 178 deaths per 100000 live births
Major Causes for the Poor Rankings are,
1. Poverty
2. Illiteracy
3. Lack of Employment Facilities
4. Social Customs, Beliefs and Practices
5. Social Altitude
6. Lack of Awareness of Women
Micro Finance
• 70% of the world’s poor are women, and micro finance is a powerful instrument of social change, particularly for women.
• 68 percent of global micro finance customers are women
• Studies show that women in poor rural regions are more reliable borrowers of credit than men.
Regulation & Prevention of Misuse
• Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act 1994 sex selective abortion is sill on the rise
• Article 15 (Women to give them equal status in the society)
• Sati prevention Act 1987
• Dowry prohibition act 1961 to eliminate the practice of dowry (burning a specific offence punishable with maximum punishment of life imprisonment
• The special marriage act 1954
How Feminism Helps Everyone?
National Economy Growth
In 2011-2012 (Women’s contribution in Indian economy 47% is reduced to 37%)
Reasons
• Male chauvinism
• Pregnancy & Maternity Leave
• Baby care & Elderly care
• No economy freedom
• Long travel
• Dependent on husband for decision making
• Inequality in salaries
Remedy
Necessary motivation to increase their curiosity level to take up job
Safe travel
Safe work environment
Orthodox and culturally biased people suitable work nature
Gender bias free environment
Indian Laws getting too feminist
• The Hindus Widow Remarriage Act 1856,
• Dowry Prohibition Act 1961,
• Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006, etc.
• Were passed to advance and develop the position of women in India. Not only this, voting rights and other political rights were guaranteed to them.
• Art. 14 of the Indian Constitution speaks about Right to Equality
Indian Penal Code to penalize for the crimes against the women of India
Rape (Sec. 376 IPC)
Kidnapping and Abduction for different purposes (Sec. 363-373 IPC)
Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts (Sec. 302/304B IPC)
Torture/Cruelty – both physical and mental – (Sec.498A IPC)
Molestation (Sec. 354 IPC)
(354A-Sexual harassment, 354B- Act with intent to disrobe a woman, 354C- Voyeurism, 354D- Stalking)
Sexual Harassment/Eve-Teasing (Sec. 509 or 294 IPC)
Importation of girls up to 21 years of age (Sec. 366B IPC)
•The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 is that one major law that was passed by the Indian Parliament after the Delhi Gang Rape Case of 2012
•Further, it has been observed that only 20-30% of rape cases are reported and 75% of filed rape cases turn out to be false after trial (National Crime Records Bureau-NCRB stats).
•This implies that false number of registered rape cases is more than the genuine ones.
•Hence, it points out to the fact that women are taking undue advantage of laws and men are being victimized as a result, for no reason in huge number of cases.
•When dealt with absolute care, feminism leads to women empowerment but when used in perverted form, it leads to gender inequality.
•Extreme feminism is never desired for it leads to inferiority of men in the society.
•In reference to India, the laws are getting too feminist on daily basis.
•The sole sufferer in this is the second member of mankind, i.e., men.
•There are certain laws which are meant only for the protection of women.
•In this scenario, men are getting sidelined and now all of them are looked with the eyes of suspicion.
•For instance, it has been observed in a survey that most of the dowry, domestic violence and rape cases are filed to seek revenge for any insult, etc. or to seek money.
Manscrimination
Discrimination Against Men
• There is a gender bias against males in certain cases.
• A number of laws are made for the protection of female but no such laws are there for the males and this makes them the victim of the society.
Section 498A of IPC
• Section 498A of IPC allows the direct arrest of the husband or his relative, whose name has been mentioned in the complaint, without any arrest warrant or any investigation.
• A mere complaint registered under Section 498A puts the concerned persons behind bars without any investigation.
• Section 498A is a non-bailable offense.
• But removing this discriminatory provision against males, the Supreme Court in its order in 2nd July 2014, stopped this automatic arrest without any warrant or investigation for a complaint registered under Section 498A of IPC.
Manscrimination
• Divorce due to women cunning or misuse of law and order
• Male sexual harassment is the rise
• Real Life Cases are so many cruelty against men is also happening in the society as well but not noticeable much in the public
What Amounts to Cruelty Against Men?
Humiliating the husband in presence of family members or friends and lowering his reputation by use of derogatory remarks
Undertaking termination of pregnancy without the consent of husband,
Making of false allegations against the husband,
Making of unsubstantiated allegations against the husband for having illicit relations with another woman,
False allegations of adultery,
Tearing of garland on the day of marriage,
Allegations against husband of having girlfriend, not proved,
Wife leading an immoral life and having illicit relations with a person other than her husband,
Denial for physical relationship without sufficient reasons,
Refusal of contribution in the household work.
Harassing the husband for constant demand of money for settlement of her paternal family members;
Constant sending of money to her paternal family members of which the husband has no knowledge or without his permission;
Continuing illicit relations with her pre-marital boyfriend or developing extra marital relations at her workplace or in neighbourhood;
Showcase of aggressive and uncontrollable behaviour;
Demonstration of inhuman treatment towards her in-laws or addressing them with filthy words or loud voice coupled with the intention to create scene of public humiliation, intimidating or terrorizing them;
Habitual dishonesty towards husband and in-laws in matters where the latter have the right to be informed about in order to uphold family’s good name;
Demand for transfer of proprietary rights in her name;
Attempts for alienating the husband from his parents and relatives persuading him to abandon his old and aged parents;
Visiting her parent’s home frequently without appropriate reasons along with the children born out their wedlock and thus denying the husband access from his offspring’s;
Misrepresentation of facts and information of the crimes committed against her;
Defaming her in-laws in the neighborhood by spreading false stories of harassment;
Dictating her husband and excessive involvement in his personal and professional life;
Concealment or suppression of material facts in relation to her medical conditions which if revealed may result in negating her marriage;
Wife’s parents being cynically manipulative, misrepresenting and frequently changing their stands and opinions in order to utilize every opportunity to embarrass her husband and relatives;
Opposition to every suggestion made by the husband for settling a dispute related to restitution of conjugal rights;
Misrepresentation of her financial condition for extracting more money;
Denial of normal courtesy and respect to husband by wife’s relatives.
Language & Gender
Female
|
Man
|
Woman
|
Prince
|
Princess
|
Author
|
Authoress
|
Manager
|
Manageress
|
God
|
Goddess
|
Mayor
|
Mayoress
|
Male
|
Female
|
Man
|
Woman
|
Prince
|
Princess
|
Author
|
Authoress
|
Manager
|
Manageress
|
God
|
Goddess
|
Mayor
|
Mayoress
|
Gender Differences in Language Style & Vocabulary Usage
• Biological & Environmental influences
• Neurological Development
• Role Models
• Life experiences
Gender Differences
(George Keith & John Stuttleworth)
FemaleFeFemale
Female
|
Talk More
|
Talks too much
|
More polite
|
More co-operate
|
Nagging
|
Complaints
|
Support each other
|
Ask more questions
|
Hesitant
|
Indecisive
|
Female use eye contact
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Male
|
Speak with more authority
Avoids eye contact
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Don’t’ talk about emotions
|
Swear More
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Talks about women & machine in the same way
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Talk about sports more
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Gives more commands
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Competitive in conversation
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Insult each other frequently
|
• Instead of using ‘Chairman’ if it is Chairperson (Gender Neutral)
• Gentleman
• Chair person
Genetic Imprint
• Mona Charen, American columnist and political analyst,
• Wrote in her column, ‘Gender fluidity’ is nothing more than fantasy,
• “Maleness or femaleness is imprinted on every cell, influences every muscle and fiber, affects every body system, and colors every thought.”
Gender Sensitization Begins…
At Home
• It’s a time to change the mindset
A recent survey highlighted the fact that when young school boys were asked who should sacrifice the meal in case it fell short on the table, most replied the mother as the first choice, followed by the sister.
So who is responsible for a male holding the view that the first person to sacrifice a meal should be the mother and followed by the sister, as the second choice?
Why male members are served meal first, in many homes, and the female members forced to eat what’s left?
• This is where the first step to being a progressive citizen begins. There can be no better place for moral and ethical education than home and the best student for the same is a child, for he or she is completely open to learning what is taught and practiced at home.
• This has to be backed by all schools to ensure that every decision and action taken in the school ensures gender parity and mutual respect between the male and female student.
Child Care
• How Today’s Toys May Be Harming Your Child
• Explicit bias refers to intentional, consciously articulated beliefs that result in discriminatory attitudes and behaviors toward others
Play Videos
Simultaneous Polysubstance Use
• Overall, a high level of religion/spirituality was associated with lower odds of Simultaneous Polysubstance Use SPU.
• Gender differences in this association were evident, whereas women with even a medium level of religion/spirituality had significantly decreased odds of SPU.
• Future drug prevention and interventions should consider the relevance of religion/spirituality in SPU.
“Google Images” Is Reinforcing Gender Stereotypes In The Workplace
• It turns out that there's a noticeable gender bias in the image search results for some jobs, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Washington and the University of Maryland.
• This underrepresentation of women in image search results actually affects people's ideas about professional gender ratios in the real world, the study found.
Type in Google – CEO
Percentage of women in top 100 Google image search results for CEO: 11%
Percentage of U.S. CEOs who are women: 27%
Type in Google – Telemaketers
Percentage of women in the top 100 Google image search results for telemarketers: 64%
Percentage of U.S. telemarketers who are women: 50%
Type in Google - Construction Worker
Google image search results for “construction worker”
Feedback
• Of course, none of this is exactly Google's fault. Google is a reflection of what's on the Internet. You can also see similar search results on Yahoo and Bing.
• But the researchers suggested that search engine designers could actually use these study results to develop algorithms that would help work against gender stereotypes.
Osho’s View
• Most of the differences between men and women are because of thousands of years of conditioning.
• Reducing her to a secondary citizen of the world. And the reason for that was that he is muscularly more powerful.
References
Equality at Workplace
In the workplace an employee need to be assessed based on their “Passion, Mission, Skill Set, Commitment, Loyalty and Work Perfection etc.” Naturally equality will exist and survive.
Best Practices to Bring Harmonious Society
• A good example of early education on gender parity is the ‘Kibbutz’ in Israel.
• These are communes where all children are brought up through collective parenting.
• While the concept of ‘Kibbutz’may not be relevant to India, the approach to ‘gender parity’ right from childhood is what India must learn and adopt.
Fixed mindset & Growth mindset
• Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck proposes that these two mindsets shapes our life
• A “fixed mindset” assumes that our character, intelligence, and creative ability are static givens which we can’t change in any meaningful way
• A “growth mindset” assumes that our character, intelligence and creativity are a springboard for growth and for stretching our existing abilities
Humanity, Social Justice, Social Spirituality, Peace, Love, Respect, Faith and Good Belief, Ethical and Moral Values are need to inculcated in every human being across the globe to build a harmonious society.
Exercise 1
• Pretend to be the opposite sex than you are and write a short message to your boy/girlfriend using female/male language
• Explain what makes your message like a men or women
Case Studies
• Barriers and Biases: A case study of women’s experiences of underrepresentation at senior management levels.
• Sexual Harassment: what employers should do?
• How to deal with Workspace – Gender discrimination being an employee?
• Micro-insults that harm women’s careers- How to deal with that situation?
• Who Pays for White-Collar Crime?
• What will it take to achieve gender equality in leadership?
• Why does having more women in leadership positions make for more successful companies?
• Men Want Powerful Jobs More Than Women Do – Share your views
• Who influences the way we works? – women or Men Leadership
• An Outside-Inside Evolution in Gender and Professional Work
• Gender and Competition: What Companies Need to Know
• How Female Stars Succeed in New Jobs?
• Gender in Job Negotiations: A Two-Level Game – Share your views
• Women Leaders and Organizational Change – Compile
• Secrets of the Successful Businesswoman
• Gender in Job Negotiations: A Two-Level Game – Share your views
• Women Leaders and Organizational Change – Compile
• Secrets of the Successful Businesswoman
• Influence of Women/Men faculty in Higher Education
For Download
Venture Investors Prefer Funding Handsome Men
• Studies by Alison Wood Brooks and colleagues reveal that investors prefer pitches from male entrepreneurs over those from female entrepreneurs, even when the content of the pitches is identical. And handsome men fare best of all.